I haven't played Golden, but I have played the original on PS2 so here is my take on it:
The game is a dungeon crawler + dating sim with really solid story elements.
Encounters are not random, you can see all the enemies onscreen and choose to attack or avoid them if you want. You do get a bonus for sneaking up on them and engaging them first in the form of a preemptive strike on them (normally an extra round of turns for your chars).
The battles are pretty much straight up turn based stuff where you can control all the characters (or let the AI go to town) if you want. Also, the enemies remain at their level as you get stronger, so if you decide to visit old dungeons they are quick and easy to go through. I will say, spells are not named Ice/Fire/etc, they all have different names that take a bit to get used to if it's the first time you've played.
Overall, the game really surpasses P3 in my opinion and is very fun to play. It's not that short though, so be prepared to invest some time into it.