I've played a CD in my US Duo a few times.
The most use a game system has had, with a music CD, has been my Sega CD. At the time, it was in a room that lacked any sort of CD player, boombox, etc. So, from time to time, I'd toss a CD in there.
As it is now, I don't ever lack a CD player anywhere. Most DVD's players play CD's, not much need to use any other item hooked up to a tv.
From what I recall, the Playstation 1, and the Jaguar had beat detection stuff built into the systems. I'd say if you're going to use any game system as a CD player, those 2 would be good choices. I recall the PS1's selection being a bit limited, and uncomplicated, but the display was still pretty decent.